Social listening means continuously listening to and analysing the conversations taking place on social media and the web about a brand, an industry or a topic, to understand the signals, perceptions and underlying trends — beyond simple positive or negative sentiment (including irony, sarcasm and second-degree humour). It matters because in France, 51 million people are on social media (1h50 per day on average, up to 3h among 18-34 year-olds), 59% of reputation crises break out in less than 24 hours, and fake news spreads 6 times faster than verified facts. Yet 80% of organisations have no structured monitoring today: they steer their reputation on intuition, with invisible weak signals. Social listening turns this blind spot into usable data.